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1.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 68(2): 65-71, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019991

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivos Calcular a prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal em grávidas de baixo risco, no termo da gestação, avaliar seus preditores e desfechos materno-fetais. Para tal, avaliar-se-á a aplicabilidade da Escala de Rastreio de Depressão Pós-Parto (PDSS 24) nessa fase da gravidez. Métodos A PDSS 24 e um questionário sociodemográfico, psicossocial e médico (antecedentes obstétricos e patológicos) foram autoaplicados a 403 grávidas (37-40 semanas de gestação), com idade média de 30,5 anos (DP = 4,67). Por meio do processo clínico, foram recolhidos dados de resultados materno-fetais. Resultados A PDSS 24 possui propriedades psicométricas adequadas para a deteção de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal. A prevalência de sintomatologia depressiva pré-natal foi de 41,7%. Grávidas com níveis de escolaridade inferiores, não casadas, cuja gravidez não foi planejada e com antecedentes de acontecimentos de vida significativos apresentam risco duas vezes superior de sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Grávidas cujo apoio social percebido ao longo da gravidez não correspondeu ao desejado e com história prévia de depressão apresentam cerca de três vezes maior risco sintomatologia depressiva no período pré-natal. Para desfechos materno-fetais (pré-eclâmpsia, restrição de crescimento fetal, Apgar 1º/5º minuto, tipo de parto, percentil de peso, oligoâminos e necessidade de cuidados intensivos), as diferenças foram não significativas. Conclusão O rastreio da depressão pré-natal deve ser realizado na gravidez. Porém, no termo da gestação o uso da PDSS 24 como ferramenta de deteção de sintomatologia depressiva deve ser feito com cautela. A elevada prevalência de sintomas relacionados com o sono nessa fase da gestação pode conduzir ao sobre diagnóstico, usando a PDSS 24.


ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy (low risk), evaluate their predictors and maternal-fetal outcomes. To this end, the applicability of Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS 24) will be evaluated, at full-term pregnancy. Methods PDSS 24 and a sociodemographic, psychosocial, pathological and obstetrical background questionnaire were self-administered to 403 pregnant women (37-40 weeks gestation), with a mean age of 30.5 years (SD = 4.67). Data from maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes were collected from the patient clinical process. Results PDSS 24 revealed adequate psychometric properties to screening depressive symptomatology in full-term pregnancy. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 41.7%. Pregnant women with lower study levels, who weren't married, whose pregnancy was unplanned and with a previous history of significant life events present twice the risk to present depressive symptomatology. Pregnant women who hadn't received the desired social support in pregnancy and with a history of depression present about a 3-fold increased risk to present depressive symptomatology. For maternal-fetal outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, Apgar score at 1st/5th minute, type of delivery, weight percentile, oligohydramnios and need for neonatal intensive care), the differences were not significant. Conclusion Screening for prenatal depression should be conducted during pregnancy. However, in full-term pregnancy women, the use of PDSS 24 as a screening tool for depressive symptomatology should be done with caution. The high prevalence of sleep-related symptoms, in full-term pregnancy, may lead to overdiagnosis, using PDSS 24.

2.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 86: e0592017, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1009454

ABSTRACT

Extracellular enzymes are involved in the fungal pathogenesis in plants. Currently, culture media, data analyses, and data report related to extracellular enzymes produced in vitro conditions are different and therefore, lack standardization. This work aimed to compare the culture media cited on the literature (normal) with the potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium combined with a specific compound to produce extracellular enzymes through three soilborne phytopathogenic fungi (F. solani f. sp. passiflorae, S. rolfsii, and R. solani AG-4 HGI), as well as to analyze and report enzyme data based on five different criteria. The assay was randomized, with three factors (culture media, isolates, and enzymes) and six repetitions. The studied enzymes were amylase (AM), carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), lipase (LP), laccase (LC), catalase (CT), and gelatinase (GT). The normal media detected more enzymes and was more precise compared to the PDA medium plus specific compound. The criteria that calculated the area of the circular crown of AM, CMCase, LP, and LC and measured the intensity (0 = absence, up to 4 = intense) of CT and GT adopting note scale were the best to evaluate and report the results of the enzymes. We suggest the normal media culture to study enzyme production, as well as the criteria mentioned to assess and report the data related to enzyme activities.(AU)


As enzimas extracelulares estão envolvidas na patogênese de fungos em plantas. Atualmente, não há uma padronização de meios de cultura, formas de analisar e divulgar os dados de enzimas extracelulares produzidas em condições in vitro. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar os meios de cultura específicos relatados na literatura (normal) com o meio de batata-dextrose-ágar mais adição do substrato específico para produção de enzimas extracelulares por três diferentes fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes de solo (Fusarium solani f. sp. passiflorae, Sclerotium rolfsii e Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI), bem como avaliar os dados das enzimas por cinco critérios diferentes. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de três fatores (meios, isolados e enzimas), com seis repetições. As enzimas investigadas foram amilase, carboximetilcelulase, lipase, lacase, catalase e gelatinase. Os meios normais detectaram mais enzimas, e essa detecção foi mais precisa em comparação com os meios de batata-dextrose-ágar mais o substrato específico. Os critérios que calcularam a área da coroa circular para as enzimas amilase, carboximetilcelulase, lipase e lacase e adotaram a escala de notas para medir a intensidade (0=ausência até 4=intensa) de catalase e gelatinase foram os melhores para avaliar e divulgar os resultados das enzimas. Assim, sugere-se padronizar os meios normais para estudos de produção de enzimas, bem como os critérios citados para avaliar e divulgar os dados das atividades das referidas enzimas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Enzymes , Fungi , Culture Media/analysis , Passifloraceae , Fusarium
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(3): 167-172, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894906

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America and the leading fungal cause of mortality in non-immunosuppressed individuals in Brazil. However, HIV/PCM co-infection can increase the clinical severity in these co-infected patients. This co-infection is rarely reported in the literature mainly because of the different epidemiological profiles of these infections. Furthermore, PCM is a neglected and non-notifiable disease, which may underestimate the real importance of this disease. The advent of molecular studies on the species of the genus Paracoccidioides has expanded the knowledge regarding the severity and the clinical spectrum in PCM. In this context, the development of studies to describe the association of the Paracoccidioides phylogenetic cryptic species in vulnerable populations, such as HIV-infected patients, appears relevant. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, epidemiological, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in HIV/PCM co-infected patients, along with the molecular identification of the Paracoccidioides species involved in these cases. METHODS The investigators performed a molecular and clinical retrospective study involving HIV/PCM co-infected patients, from a reference centre for PCM care in the endemic area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2015. Molecular identification of the fungal strains was done by amplification of partial sequences of arf and gp43 genes. FINDINGS Of 89 patients diagnosed with PCM by fungal isolation in the culture, a viable isolate was recovered for molecular analysis from 44 patients. Of these 44 patients, 28 (63.6%) had their serum samples submitted for enzyme immunoassay tests for screening of HIV antibodies, and 5 (17.9%) had a positive result. All cases were considered severe, with a variable clinical presentation, including mixed, acute/subacute clinical forms and a high rate of complications, requiring combination therapy. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 was the species identified in all cases. CONCLUSIONS HIV/PCM co-infection can change the natural history of this fungal disease. The authors reinforce the need to include HIV screening diagnostic tests routinely for patients with PCM.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Socioeconomic Factors , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 85: e0882017, 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-998435

ABSTRACT

Petri disease is complex, attacks young vine plants and it is difficult to be controlled. The fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Phc) has been identified as the main causative agent of this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalent colonization of the Petri disease fungi in different portions of vine plants; to assess the susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to the fungus P. chlamydospora; to assess the effect of solarization and biofumigation, followed by hot-water treatment (HWT), on the disinfection of cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766 infected with P. chlamydospora, and assess the effect of solarization and biofumigation, followed by HWT, on the rooting of cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766. For the prevalent colonization test, the fungus species detected and identified in 'Niagara Rosada' grafted on two rootstocks different were Phc and Phialemoniopsis ocularis. This is the first report of P. ocularis in a young vineyard in Brazil. Both fungi, in particular Phc, colonized only the plant's basal part, drawing attention to the rootstock as target for control measures. Measurement of the dark streaks in the vascular system revealed that Golia was the least susceptible rootstock, and IAC 572 was the most susceptible to Phc. Moreover, biofumigation or temperature of 37°C applied for 7 and 14 days, both followed by HWT, suppressed Phc in cuttings of the rootstock IAC 766 without hampering their rooting. Meanwhile, new studies are needed to validate the efficiency of these disinfection techniques.(AU)


A doença de Petri é complexa, ataca plantas jovens de videira e é difícil de ser controlada. O fungo Phaeomoniella chlamydospora é o principal agente causal dessa doença. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar o local prevalente dos fungos da doença de Petri, em diferentes partes de plantas de videira; avaliar a suscetibilidade de porta-enxertos de videira para o fungo P. ­chlamydospora; avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação seguido de tratamento com água quente sobre a desinfecção de estacas do porta-enxerto IAC 766 infectadas com o fungo P. ­chlamydospora; avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação seguido de tratamento com água quente sobre o enraizamento de estacas do porta-enxerto IAC 766. Para o teste de colonização, as espécies de fungos detectadas e identificadas em Niagara Rosada enxertada em dois porta-enxertos diferentes foram P. ­chlamydospora e Phialemoniopsis ocularis. Este é o primeiro relato de P. ocularis em parrerais jovens de videira no Brasil. Ambos os fungos, em particular P. chlamydospora, colonizaram somente a parte basal das plantas, destacando-se os porta-enxertos como foco para medidas de controle. Medidas das estrias escuras no sistema vascular revelaram que Golia foi o porta-enxerto menos suscetível, e o IAC 572 foi o mais suscetíveis para P. chlamydospora. Além disso, a biofumigação ou a temperatura de 37ºC aplicadas por 7 e 14 dias seguidas de tratamento com água quente eliminaram P. ­chlamydospora em estacas do porta-enxerto IAC 766 sem afetar o enraizamento. No entanto, novos estudos são necessários ainda para validar a eficiência dessas técnicas de desinfecção.(AU)


Subject(s)
Vitis , Mycoses , Disinfection/methods , Prevalence
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